Analysis Of The Perils Of Indifference - 784 Words

Nobel Peace Prize recipient, Elie Wiesel in his straightforward speech, â€Å"The Perils of Indifference,† asserts that the inhumanity of indifference is still relevant today and can have negative effects on humanity unless society acts to abolish indifference. He develops his message through highlighting his experience in the holocaust as well as the multitude of tragedies that had occurred that century and how indifference can be handled; he states â€Å"Society was composed of three simple categories: the killer, the victim, and the bystander.†(par 14) which shows how his experience and society today is categorized. He addresses how people in concentration camps were ignored and how the world can learn from this tragic, inhumane event. Wiesel’s†¦show more content†¦While tragedies like this have continued to occur, indifference makes others look away from situations and act indifferent instead of trying to resist and fight against the inhumane horrors . Throughout these acts of indifference, there are acts of resistance trying to end indifference for the greater good. In between WWI and WWII, â€Å"many were beaten and killed for speaking out against Nazism.† (A Teachers). Although these consequences were in effect, many groups of people would rise against them and provide food for the people living in the ghettos, publish underground newspapers that spoke out against the Nazis, and provide illegal radio broadcasts of the events occurring. With these efforts of resistance occurring, many individuals stood out while helping others such as Dr. Janusz Korczak; In particular, when his orphanage was having children taken away to concentration camps, he decided to go along with them instead of staying behind and leaving the children to fend for themselves. Instead of being indifferent, Korczak decides to risk his life in order to help these children during their struggle. Wiesel claims â€Å"Society was composed of three simple categories: the killers, the victims, and the bystanders.† (par14). How did people during these â€Å"darkest of times† serve these roles and how could they have been changed? WieselShow MoreRelatedThe Perils of Indifference Rhetorical Analysis731 Words   |  3 PagesAnthony Graziano Mrs. Bader AP Language and Composition September 30, 2011 Perils of Indifference Rhetorical Analysis The Perils of Indifference speech by Elie Wiesel is one that is well crafted and that sends a strong message to the audience. Wiesel, a survivor of the Holocaust, addresses the issues of the 20th century in his speech while at the same time explaining the dangers of indifference. Wiesel’s appeals to his audience, as well as his strong message and arguments are what makeRead More##torical Analysis Of Elie Wiesels The Perils Of Indifference1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe author, Elie Wiesel in his powerful speech, The Perils of Indifference, claims that Indifference has so much violence and danger. He shows how there is so much Indifference in the world. Wiesel develops his message through the use of allusion on his speech. Specifically, In paragraph 9, he states, â€Å"the most tragic of all prisoners were the â€Å"Muselmann,† as they were called.. They no longer felt pain, hunger, thirst†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Wiesel is trying to describe the pain that he has been through an d if peopleRead More##hetorical Analysis Of Elie Wiesels The Perils Of Indifference746 Words   |  3 Pagesto the indifference that causes suffering. In, â€Å"The Perils of Indifference,† by the Jewish Holocaust survivor, Elie Wiesel, indifference is spoken upon which denotatively means â€Å"lack of interest, concern, or sympathy.† Being a Holocaust survivor, Elie Wiesel, claims that indifference is â€Å"dangerous† and in fact â€Å"more dangerous than anger and hatred.† Furthermore, the author describes that many would prefer an â€Å"unjust God than an indifferent one.† Why? Because to be the victim of indifference is toRead MoreElie Wiesels Perils of Indifference698 Words   |  3 PagesRichard Holbrooke, and other officials. Elie Wiesel is an author most noted for his novel Night, a Nobel Peace Prize recipient, and political activist. In the speech he spoke on his view of indifference and explained how it was negatively affecting humanit y and the nation as a whole. The Perils of Indifference was a speech that successfully used ethos, pathos, and logos to inform, persuade and inspire its audience on its views. As soon as the speech begins, Elie uses pathos with an anecdote on hisRead MoreRisk Management2128 Words   |  9 PagesRisk 1. Defined as uncertainty based on one’s mental condition or state of mind 2. Difficult to measure II. Chance of Loss A. Objective Probability 1. A priori—by logical deduction such as in games of chance 2. Empirically—by induction, through analysis of data 2 Rejda †¢ Principles of Risk Management and Insurance, Tenth Edition B. Subjective Probability—a personal estimate of the chance of loss. It need not coincide with objective probability and is influenced by a variety of factors includingRead MoreEssay on The Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1587 Words   |  7 Pagesitself with eager promptitude. When it shows signs of having been groped and fumbled for, the needful illusion is of course absent, and the failure complete. Then the machinery alone is visible and the end to which it operates becomes a matter of indifference (50).    When one has to grope for, and fumble for, the meaning of a tale, then there is â€Å"failure† in the work, as Henry James says. This unfortunately is the case of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† It is so ambiguous in so many occasions in theRead More Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesitself with eager promptitude. When it shows signs of having been groped and fumbled for, the needful illusion is of course absent, and the failure complete. Then the machinery alone is visible and the end to which it operates becomes a matter of indifference (50).    When one has to grope for, and fumble for, the meaning of a tale, then there is â€Å"failure† in the work, as Henry James says. This unfortunately is the case of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† It is so ambiguous in so many occasions in theRead MoreNative American Education Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesNative Indian history of violence and debasement changed their views and self-image as well. This change later affects how they adapt to American culture and education after being dissuaded from embracing their own for so long. The violence and indifference shown towards the Native Americans during the â€Å"Trail of Tears† contributed greatly to this change. In this dreadful journey, Natives of all kinds were forced off their land and into a thousand mile trek during which about 4,000 Cherokee IndiansRead MoreThe Problems With Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pageswith the federal government or any other group or agency, but CCSS allow s information to be shared without parental consent. Being sold as a set of rigorous standards, forty-five states, including Ohio, adopted Common Core. The absence of a cost analysis does not allow the taxpayer know their cost. CCSS did not originate in Columbus, shares student’s private information without parental consent, lacks rigor being benchmarked as internationally observed, and has an uncalculated high cost to the taxpayerRead Morerhetorical analysis of obamas political speeches5660 Words   |  23 PagesCritical Discourse Analysis of Obamas Political Discourse Juraj Horvà ¡th Abstract This paper examines the persuasive strategies of President Obamas public speaking as well as the covert ideology of the same, enshrined in his inaugural address. Our analysis is grounded in Norman Faircloughs assumptions in critical discourse analysis, claiming that ideologies reside in texts that it is not possible to read off ideologies from texts and that texts are open to diverse interpretations

The Absolute Best Method to Use for Essay Topics for Frankenstein Revealed

The Absolute Best Method to Use for Essay Topics for Frankenstein Revealed At times, their clothes are important, other situations an author will offer you a glimpse of the way that they treat others. Elizabeth and Justine all died far before the conclusion of the novel. Actually, the story of Mary Shelley is only a sad omen of what is occuring in the twentieth century. Explore the effect on Elizabeth. The Bizarre Secret of Essay Topics for Frankenstein Frankenstein essay may sound like a hefty endeavor, but after you learn to write it, you'll be impressed with the outcome. Enhancing Your it Writing Skills Even if you follow the exact steps described above, you might not get the highest score just because your writing is poor. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. The very first essay is a short analysis. Write an expository essay in which you explain the purpose of the 3 distinct narrators and their various stories. You ought to be proficient in the topic, have an overall idea about the chosen issue and can get the best arguments to demonstrate your thesis. These topics may be used to compose an essay or any other academic paper, and you'll be able to read them through and produce your own ideas. To get started writing your assignment you would want to run into an interesting and promising topic. Using Essay Topics for Frankenstein 1 noteworthy aspect this structure affords the novel is the fact that it increases the parallelism between the monster and total text. You might wish to concentrate on one or more specific passages to be able to construct your argument. Whatever the character you decide to analyze, don't forget to come up with a central focus for your analysis and utilize evidence from the text to help support your conclusions. There are times that you don't know it's foreshadowing until you get to the end. Explore the role that nature plays within this novel. Finally, the most apparent topic of the novel is murder. The primary effect of the society in the novel. Examine the function of the society in line with the novel. In the well-known novel, Frankenstein, Mary Shelley uses evidence to indicate that nature is the more potent component in the evolution of personality. Frankenstein is recognized to be among the Gothic novel expressions and it's suited for a whole lot of characteristics found in a Romantic novel. Frankenstein is among the best expressions of the Gothic novel and also fits a lot of the features of a Romantic novel. Write about what would occur if Victor made a lady monster. Victor created the monster employing the different pieces of dead persons. He loathes himself after the creation of the monster. The Black Cat is a brief story based on a guy, who's extremely fond of pets. Foreshadowing is giving a thought of what's going to happen in the latter portion of the story. Society's very first trait of this story brings out that it's unloving. There's no blade of grass, no vegetation and thus, it's barren. You can begin with the prewriting strategies, or you may make an outl ine. These guidelines refer just to the basic steps which you ought to take during your work. The writing process is a little tricky, but should you learn how to do it, you won't have a difficult time composing it. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of Victor's compliance. A Secret Weapon for Essay Topics for Frankenstein Your essay description is easily the most important portion of the purchase procedure, but it doesn't need to be complex. If you face this issue, then we're here to assist you by providing Frankenstein essay topics. Totally free Frankenstein essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Free Comparing Frankenstein essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. From time to time, even after reading guidelines and ideas on how best to compose a particular assignment, it's still true that you don't quite know how to put it all together. Together with the topics, you'd come across loads of papers free of charge. It is possible to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the assistance of our professional experts. Most out of and high quality of your final exam. Frankenstein spent months attempting to create The Creature to be able to kill him again! Victor Frankenstein is the actual monster. Frankenstein himself is responsible for bringing loneliness upon himself and death to his loved ones, but the monster is the precise opposite of Frankenstein. Place Frankenstein's creature today. Is the monster deserve to get known as a masterpiece. While Victor feels great disdain because of his creation, the beast demonstrates he isn't a malicious being. Consider the fact that he never gives the creature a name. The One Thing to Do for Essay Topics for Frankenstein Victor is unwilling to fulfill new individuals. Unsurprisingly, the concept isn't just simply modern society that has an impact on a writer. It's worth to be aware that Frankenstein myth differs from preliterary comprehension and reflection of the world where people don't distinguish themselves from the all-natural environment, giving the character of anthropological capabilities. Man creates God through myth in order to have an ability to will towards. It's only God who's perfect.

The Red Scare (1992 words) Essay Example For Students

The Red Scare (1992 words) Essay The Red ScareMany people label Edgar Allen Poe a horror writer, plain and simple others refer to Poe as the father of the detective story, but over all he?s one Americas greatest writers. His ability of expressing the world in gothic ways, really captures the reader?s attention. Even though he lead a tough life and was known as a sadistic drug addict and alcoholic, he still managed to produce great pieces of literature. Three of his greatest works were The Tell Tale heart, The Fall of the House Usher, and The Raven. All of these are very known troughout the world and are considered three of Poe?s greatest pieces. He was born in Boston on January 19, 1809, his parents, regular members of Federal street theater, named him Edgar Poe. Shortly before his mothers death in Richmond, Virginia on December 8, 1811, his father abandoned the family. John Allen, a wealthy tobacco merchant in Richmond, brought Poe into the family (at his wifes request), and gave him the middle name Allen as a bapt ismal name, though he never formally adopted him. Even though Allen?s treatment toward Poe is not exactly known, we know that Allen never treated Poe with sensitivity. In 1815, the Allen family moved to England on business. There, Poe entered the Manor-House School in Stoke-Newington, a London suburb. This school taught him the gothic architecture and historical landscape of the region made a deep imprint on his youthful imagination, which would effect his adult writings (Levin, 14). The Allens left England in June 1820, and arrived in Richmond on August 2. Here, Poe entered the English and Classical School of Joseph H. Clarke, a graduate of Trinity College in Dublin. On February 14, 1826, Poe entered the University of Virginia. Though he spent more time gambling and drinking than studying, he won top honors in French and Latin. On May 26, 1827, Poe enlisted in the US Army under the name Edgar A. Perry. He joined Battery H of the 1st Artillery, then stationed at Fort Independence. W hile Poe served there, Calvin F.S. Thomas printed Poes first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems, a slim volume, which failed to earn any fame or money. Poe then visited Baltimore, and arranged for the printing of another slim volume, entitled Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems. Then, Allen obtained an appointment for him as a cadet, so on July 1, 1830 he entered West Point Military Academy, making his residence at No. 28 in the South Barracks. Poes military career, however, flopped. After his dismissal, he published a third volume of poetry, this one dedicated to the US Corps of Cadets, for he had taken a subscription from them to raise funds. He then settled in Baltimore with his impoverished aunt, Maria Clemm, her daughter, Virgina Clemm, and his older brother, William Henry Leonard. He tried looking for work as a teacher in Baltimore, but another person got the job and Thomas Willis White hired him as an editor at The Southern Literary Messenger, in which he published short stori es, poems, and ascorbic literary reviews. In October, the Clemms joined him, and in May he married his cousin Virginia. The rest of his life, Poe suffered from severe mental depression and declining physical health. In 1838, he published his only novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym. In December, 1839, he lost his job because of the intense rumors of his excessive drinking habits. By late 1846, financial woes and Poes own continuing decline ended the magazine (Levin, 18). In January 1847, his wife died in their cottage at Fordham. This made his poverty and instability worst. He continued to write, and engaged in unsuccessful publishing schemes and romances, until, on October 3, 1849, Joseph W. Walker found him unconscious, (thought to be intoxicated) in the street. Poe remained hospitalized, oscillating between a somatic state and violent delirium, until his death at 5 am on the 7th of 1849. Poes literature hardly relates to the harsh realities of 19th century life. The dark, chaotic, romantic worlds he created represent an escape from the real, unromantic miseries of life to a place where miseries become grand, beautiful things. The story The Tell Tale Heart portrays the mad obsession of a man with an old man?s eye. The narrator in the story tries to convince us that he?s not mad, but only he is very careful by planning and executing the crime. Over all the story is about a man obsessed with an old man?s eye and the fact that he cannot bare to even look at it. His hatred toward the eye drives him insane and to the point that he plots a way to kill the old man. By the end of the story the man is completely insane, because he imagines and hears the beating of the dead old man?s heart buried under the floor boards. He finally confesses out of pure insanity and the police arrest him. By murdering the old man, he will never show his awful eye to anyone ever again. Also there is knowledge that in ancient times the possession of a blue evil eye was the ability to have powers and harm people. We can speculate that the narrator may not have been mad, maybe he knew the tales of the evil powered eyes, and all he wanted to do was to get rid of it, so it wouldnt cause any harm. As the narrator keeps insisting that he?s not mad, the reader soon realizes that the fear of the old man?s eye has consumed the narrator, who has now fallen into a state of madness. The Fall of the House of Usher, the remediation of two siblings suffering from odd illnesses and their hospitality to an old friend. Roderick and his twin sister Madeline are both suffering from rather strange illnesses. Roderick suffers from a morbid acuteness of the senses; while Madelines illness is characterized by a settled apathy, a gradual wasting away of the person, and frequent although transient affections of a partly cataleptical character which caused her to lose consciousness and feeling. The body would then assume a deathlike rigidity (Stuart, 86). Roderick, in other words is completely mad and then tries to drive the narrator insane too. Madeline is presumed dead, but then appears to them in the night and dies at an instant on Roderick?s harms, also taking Roderick with her as she dies. The narrator rushes out of the decayed mansion and as he travels away from it, he sees the mansion begin to shake and crumble. Slowly it falls to the ground leaving just fragments of th e Famous House of Usher. In many of Poe?s stories, the reader and the narrator begin to enter a state of madness and fantasy becomes reality. Here in the story, Roderick accuses the narrator of being insane. But at the end, the narrator escapes and watches the siblings and the house itself fall into it?s dark end. Every little detail in the story, from the description of the decayed trees outside the house, to the storm that hits when Madeline appears, adds to the cause of Rodericks madness. By being twins, Roderick and Madeline are connected in some peculiar way. As Madeline dies, she takes her twin with her, because in some way they are connected mentally. In the story, when fantasy suppresses reality and the physical self, it results in Roderick?s death. Madelines return and actual death reunites the twin natures of their single being, and proves his death as he anticipated in his madness. The narrator is again accused of being a mad man by Roderick at the end of the stories, but even though he is thought to be mad, he still manages to escape before the house crashes down on him. The sorrow of his lost Leonor is the main subject in Poe?s poem The Raven. The narrator has lost a treasured love named Leonor. In the story he is sad for her return and as the raven appears to him, he decides to ask him questions. All he gets as an answer is nevermore. The narrator then starts to believe that the raven is some kind of evil being and tries to make him leave. The narrator imposes self torture on himself and using the bust of Pallas leads the narrator to think that the raven speaks only of wisdom. When Poe published the story The Raven, he also wrote an essay on the creation of the story, it was titled The Philosophy of Composition. In that essay Poe describes the work of composing the poem as if it were a mathematical problem. The most important thing to consider is the fact that The Raven, as well as many of Poes tales, is written backwards. The effect comes first, and then the whole plot i s set, then the story grows backward from there. Poes tales of ratiocination, e.g. the Dupin tales, are written in the same manner. Nothing is more clear than that every plot, worth the name, must be elaborated to its denouement before anything be attempted with the pen (Poe, 1850). Poe was on a mission to make his story The Raven universally appreciable. So Poe choose as the theme of the poem, beauty, since Beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem (Poe, 1850). He also used the topic of death in his poem. This was so it could be universally understood. Poe (along with other writers) believed that the death of a beautiful woman was the most poetical use of death, because the death of beauty was tragic. After establishing subjects and tones of the poem, Poe started by writing the stanza that brought the narrator to interrogate the raven, this brought the poem to it?s climax, in the third verse from the end, Poe worked backwards from this stanza and used the word nevermore in many different ways, so that even with the repetition of this word, it would not prove to be monotonous. Poe builds up tension stanza by stanza, but then after the climaxing stanza he just lets the story fall and lets the narrator know that there is no meaning in searching for a moral in the ravens nevermore. The raven is just a symbol of the narrator mournfulness and his sorrow of his lost Leonor. Poe?s ways to describe his gothic settings make him similar to Ernest Hemingway. He uses the same ways to describe how things are, so the reader can really imagine them. With his descriptions he makes the reader paranoid about their surroundings, and makes them wonder everything around. Most all of Poe?s characters, are lonely and mentally distressed people. Most of his characters try to escape the real world and try to enter the insane world they create. By the end of the poems, the characters are considered completely insane or death comes to them. In most cases the main character or t he narrator of the story usually enter the insane world, but sometimes he manages to escape and comes back to reality. In conclusion, poe was the creator of the short story. The short story may have excisted before, but Poe perfected it. Even though he perished in a sad and lonely death, he was a genius at his work. He was truly Americas greatest terror and horror writer. So I restate that Poe was one of the greatest writers that ever lived and his mind was of a genius and it should never have put to such torture by the criticism of human kind. His mind was very precious and all we can do now is to feel sorry for him, because being such a gifted writer he shouldnt have died in such a lonely and sad state. Myth Origins EssayAmerican History

What Makes Us Love Essays - Emotions, Love, Cupid,

What Makes Us Love? What makes us love? This question has been studied for centuries by philosophers, scientists, and even writers in search of a sensible answer. Shakespeare, for one, explored many ideas to justify love. In his play, "A Midsummer's Night Dream", he lists various thoughts on what he thinks causes people to love. Some are overwhelmingly ridiculous, while others make some sense. One of his far-fetched answers as to how people fall in love was Cupid. He believed Cupid would shoot his arrows of love into individuals, and they would magically fall for the next person they saw. "Cupid all armed. A certain aim he took/At a fair vestal throned by the west,/ and loosed his love-shaft smartly from his bow (2.1.163-65)." After the shot, the person wouldn't know what hit them. He intertwines this thought with the concept that one falls in love after looking in another's eyes. After missing a shot, one of Cupid's arrows hit a flower, tainting it with his powers to make people fall in love. When placed in a person's eyes, they will be infatuated with the next thing they see. For example, after being placed in his Lysander's eyes, his immense love for Hermia grows weak with just one look into Helena's eyes. Shakespeare's thought here is that eyes have all the power over who we fall for. Do not misunderstand him, though. His usage of this enchanting juice is not to be taken seriously. He is trying to make a point, and at that, a good one. Looking into someone's eyes had a certain power over one's feelings. You just get a strong feeling in your heart. It is uncontrollable, and sometimes, it truly is one of the main reasons we fall in love. However, he contradicts himself in act one when Helena says, "Love looks not with the eye, but with the mind (1.1.240)." He now states that the mind is what the person falls in love with, and not the eyes. It is true, however; you have to love a person's thoughts and ideas before you can feel that special passion for them. That is the key to true love. Although he had extremely different thoughts on the reasons we fall in love, they all made some sense. By contradicting his explanations, he, in my opinion, is making a point. He's pointing out the fact that he, too, doesn't really know the answer to the question of what makes us love. And he knows that no one ever will.

No Country for English

No Country for English No Country for English No Country for English By Maeve Maddox In preparing to write a review of No Country for Old Men, I glanced at some online discussions of the film to see what other people were saying. The grammarian in me overcame the movie critic as I found myself paying more attention to the mode of expression than the thoughts being expressed. In Dustins Review of the film I found three items that distracted me from the content. 1. Of the character Sheriff Ed Tom Bell, the reviewer observes just as he has previously laid witness to similar atrocities over the decades One lays claim to something, but one simply witnesses an atrocity. 2. Again speaking of the sheriff, the reviewer says all he tragically finds in Gods place is an empty void Since the word void means empty or an empty place. it seems a case of belt and suspenders to talk about an empty void. 3. Of the killer, played by Javier Bardem, the reviewer says Whenever he comes in contact with someone, the viewer holds their breath, quite aware of the extent to which he is capable of. In addition to the agreement problem of the viewer holds their breath (which some readers may wish to defend), theres another problem: quite aware of the extent to which he is capable of. Three separate idioms have been crammed into one convoluted sentence. Lets break it down. This killer is a psychopath who kills human beings the way farmers slaughter beef. Very quickly the movie-goer knows that this person would as soon kill you as look at you. The viewer, therefore, is aware of what the killer is capable of. The viewer is aware of the extent of the killers depravity. The viewer is aware of the extremes to which the killer will go. A lot of work has gone into the site on which this review appears. It may contain some outstanding reviews. Its a shame that the first article Ive read contains such careless writing. I now hesitate to look at the others. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the Future3 Cases of Complicated HyphenationPhrasal Verbs and Phrasal Nouns

USS Missouri (BB-63) in World War II

USS Missouri (BB-63) in World War II Ordered on June 20, 1940,  USS  Missouri  (BB-63) was the fourth ship of the  Iowa-class of battleships.   USS Missouri (BB-63) - Overview Nation: United StatesType: BattleshipShipyard: New York Navy YardLaid Down: January 6, 1941Launched: January 29, 1944Commissioned: June 11, 1944Fate: Museum Ship at Pearl Harbor, HI Specifications Displacement: 45,000 tonsLength: 887 ft., 3 in.Beam: 108 ft. 2 in.Draft: 28 ft. 11 in.Speed: 33 knotsComplement: 2,700 men Armament (1944) Guns 9 x 16 in. (406 mm) 50 cal. Mark 7 guns (3 turrets of 3 guns each)20 Ãâ€" 5 in. (127 mm) 38 cal. Mark 12 guns80 x 40 mm 56 cal. anti-aircraft guns49 x 20 mm 70 cal. anti-aircraft guns Design Construction Intended as fast battleships capable of serving as escorts for the new Essex-class aircraft carriers then being designed, the Iowas were longer and faster than the earlier North Carolina and South Dakota-classes. Laid down at the New York Navy Yard on January 6, 1941, work on Missouri proceeded through the early years of World War II. As the importance of aircraft carriers increased, the US Navy shifted its building priorities to those Essex-class ships then under construction. As a result, Missouri was not launched until January 29, 1944. Christened by Margaret Truman, the daughter of then-Senator Harry Truman of Missouri, the ship moved to the fitting out piers for completion. Missouris armament centered on nine Mark 7 16 guns which were mounted in three triple turrets. These were supplemented by 20 5 guns, 80 40mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns, and 49 20mm Oerlikon anti-aircraft guns. Completed by mid-1944, the battleship was commissioned on June 11 with Captain William M. Callaghan in command. It was the last battleship commissioned by the US Navy. Joining the Fleet Steaming out of New York, Missouri completed its sea trials and then conducted battle training in the Chesapeake Bay. This done, the battleship departed Norfolk on November 11, 1944, and, after a stop in San Francisco to be fitted out as a fleet flagship, arrived at Pearl Harbor on December 24. Assigned to Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Task Force 58, Missouri soon departed for Ulithi where it was attached to the screening force for the carrier USS Lexington (CV-16). In February 1945, Missouri sailed with TF58 when it began launching air strikes against the Japanese home islands. Turning south, the battleship arrived off Iwo Jima where it provided direct fire support for the landings on February 19. Re-assigned to protect USS Yorktown (CV-10), Missouri and TF58 returned to the waters off Japan in early March where the battleship downed four Japanese aircraft. Later that month, Missouri struck at targets on Okinawa in support of Allied operations on the island. While offshore, the ship was struck by a Japanese kamikaze, however, the damage inflicted was largely superficial. Transferred to Admiral William Bull Halseys Third Fleet, Missouri became the admirals flagship on May 18. Japanese Surrender Moving north, the battleship again struck targets on Okinawa before Halseys ships shifted their attention to Kyushu, Japan. Enduring a typhoon, Third Fleet spent June and July hitting targets across Japan, with aircraft striking the Inland Sea and the surface ships bombarding shore targets. With the surrender of Japan, Missouri entered Tokyo Bay with other Allied ships on August 29. Selected to host the surrender ceremony, Allied commanders, led by Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz and General Douglas MacArthur received the Japanese delegation aboard Missouri on September 2, 1945. Postwar With the surrender concluded, Halsey transferred his flag to South Dakota and Missouri was ordered to aid in bringing home American servicemen as part of Operation Magic Carpet. Completing this mission, the ship transited the Panama Canal and took part in Navy Day celebrations in New York where it was boarded by President Harry S. Truman. Following a brief refit in early 1946, the ship undertook a goodwill tour of the Mediterranean before sailing to Rio de Janeiro in August 1947, to bring the Truman family back to the US after the Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Hemisphere Peace and Security. Korean War At Trumans personal request, the battleship was not deactivated along with the other Iowa-class ships as a part of the postwar downsizing of the navy. Following a grounding incident in 1950, Missouri was sent to the Far East to aid United Nations troops in Korea. Fulfilling a shore bombardment role, the battleship also aided in screening US carriers in the area. In December 1950, Missouri moved into position to provide naval gunfire support during the evacuation of Hungnam. Returning to the US for a refit in early 1951, it resumed its duties off Korea in October 1952. After five months in the war zone, Missouri sailed for Norfolk. In the summer of 1953, the battleship served as the flagship for the US Naval Academys midshipman training cruise. Sailing to Lisbon and Cherbourg, the voyage was the only time the four Iowa-class battleships cruised together. Reactivation Modernization Upon its return, Missouri was prepared for mothballs and was placed in storage at Bremerton, WA in February 1955. In the 1980s, the ship and its sisters received new life as part of the Reagan Administrations 600-ship navy initiative. Recalled from the reserve fleet, Missouri underwent a massive overhaul which saw the installation of four MK 141 quad cell missile launchers, eight Armored Box Launchers for Tomahawk cruise missiles, and four Phalanx CIWS guns. In addition, the ship was fitted with the latest electronics and combat control systems. The ship was formally recommissioned on May 10, 1986, at San Francisco, CA. Gulf War The next year, it traveled to the Persian Gulf to aid in Operation Earnest Will where it escorted re-flagged Kuwaiti oil tankers through the Straits of Hormuz. After several routine assignments, the ship returned to the Middle East in January 1991 and played an active role in Operation Desert Storm. Arriving in the Persian Gulf on January 3, Missouri joined coalition naval forces. With the beginning of Operation Desert Storm on January 17, the battleship commenced launching Tomahawk cruise missiles at Iraqi targets. Twelve days later, Missouri moved inshore and used its 16 guns to shell an Iraqi command and control facility near the Saudi Arabia-Kuwait border. Over the next several days,  the battleship, along with its sister, USS Wisconsin (BB-64) attacked Iraqi beach defenses as well as targets near Khafji. Moving north on February 23, Missouri continued striking targets ashore as part of the coalition amphibious feint against the Kuwaiti coast.   In the course of the operation, the Iraqis fired two HY-2 Silkworm missiles at the battleship, neither of which found their target. As military operations ashore moved out of range of Missouris guns, the battleship commenced patrolling the northern Persian Gulf. Remaining on station through the armistice of February 28, it finally departed the region on March 21.   Following stops in Australia, Missouri arrived at Pearl Harbor the following month and played a role in the ceremonies honoring the 50th anniversary of the Japanese attack that December. Final Days With the conclusion of the Cold War and the end of the threat posed by the Soviet Union, Missouri was decommissioned at Long Beach, CA on March 31, 1992. Returned to Bremerton, the battleship was struck from the Naval Vessel Register three years later. Though groups in Puget Sound desired to keep Missouri there as a museum ship, the US Navy elected to have the battleship placed in Pearl Harbor where it would serve as a symbol of the end of World War II. Towed to Hawaii in 1998, it was moored next to Ford Island and the remains of USS Arizona (BB-39). A year later, Missouri it opened as a museum ship. Sources Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships: USS MissouriBattleship Missouri MemorialHistorynet: USS Missouri

World Bank and IMF Policies in Developing Countries Essay

World Bank and IMF Policies in Developing Countries - Essay Example This paper offers a thorough analysis of current economic policies of The IMF and the World Bank, and makes evaluation of their effectiveness. The difference in viewpoint on the role of global financial institution between world economists, makes for an importance of the essay The policies of the institutions advocate free trade, liberal markets, property rights, deregulation which have been suggested by a group of rich countries to poor countries without qualification in the past. In present times, a country must qualify for certain conditions and certain policies need to be avoided. By qualification, the economic need for the policy must be established first before World Bank or the IMF lends support for the policies. the IMF and World Bank policies for the developing countries of the world should be expanded to include other things like company accountability, social and personal responsibility, corruption mitigation, WTO agreements, control of quality standards, a free banking system, welfare systems. The IMF and the World Bank are acting to control and support the international system of fiscal dependency that connects one country to the rest of the world. Certainly the role has expanded beyond the original and it will continue to expand since there will always be nations that are relatively poor in comparison to rich ones. With the help of these bodies and the correct application of the policies a country can recover to become a productive member of the international community.

Annotated Bibliography-Sheila-W8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Bibliography-Sheila-W8 - Essay Example It is important to know how documentation process is established as it provides for easier management. The article is an online publication. The author establishes that, due to the rise of diseases such as heart failure, which has cause massive deaths, humans still do not change their behavior to control the conditions. It proposes electronic devices that can monitor individuals by internet usage as a way of improving and controlling them as they undergo exercises to reduce the menace. Not much information was available concerning the study and neither did it propose for other future research. The literature review was less in depth but offered a better insight into the study while methods of analysis were by sample surveys of the patients. It is significant that patients change their behavior as it helps health practitioners to manage their health. Kontos, E., Blake, K. D., Chou, W. S., & Prestin, A. (2014). Predictors of eHealth usage: Insights on the digital divide from the health information national trends survey 2012. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(7), e172. It is an extensive article that is a JMIR publication. The authors observe that due to development in electronic health technology, health care has improved tremendously especially on vulnerable individuals in the society. The study establishes that factors such as race and ethnicity do not necessary contribute to the electronic health information. But individuals who are less educated find it difficult to accesses the Internet for health information than their counterparts. Not much information was available but proposes for future studies on electronic health literacy. The review was in depth that provided a clear view of the study while methods of research were by case studies. The less literate in the society should embrace technology since it an easier way to manage their health. This is a

Magazines play in womens lives Essay Example for Free

Magazines play in womens lives Essay The womans magazine came into existence in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century (Margaret Beetham, 1996 pg 6). They were generally aimed at the upper and middle class ladies, as these were the only women who had spare leisure time and the disposable income to purchase luxuries such as weekly magazines. During 1949-74 there were two extremely dominant themes in womens magazines. First there was the overwhelming star billing given to love and marriage- and the family. Second there was the heavy emphasis placed upon the Self, and the responsibility ethic laid upon every woman to be the self staring, self finishing producer of herself (Marjorie Ferguson 1983 pg 44). It is clear from the beginning that womens magazines promoted a picture of a perfect woman, which still exists today. One could argue the continued success of womens magazines is due to the development of the magazine as a commodity. They have also become a crucial site for the advertising and sale of other commodities, whether nightgowns or convenience foods (Margaret Beetham 1996 pg 2). Womens magazines play a vital role in many readers lives. But do they wrongly portray a perfect woman? Many women struggle to maintain a perfect home, their children and a happy marriage. One could argue womens magazines both add to this pressure, and act as a form of advice to women unable to cope with what is expected from them according to the media and gender stereotyping. In the early years of womens magazines the emphasis was put upon providing entertainment and practical advice. In this case the magazine fulfilled a role of a reference text, which women could refer to for recipes and other advice. The entertainment factor meant the magazines were viewed as a bit of light relief for women with busy lives. Janice Winship portrayed the role of womens magazines in the eyes of the existing culture extremely differently. Men do not have or need magazines for A Mans World; it is their world, out there, beyond the shelves: the culture of the workplace, of politics and public life, the world of business, property and technology, there they are all boys together. Women have no culture and world out there other than the one which is controlled and mediated by men (Janice Winship 1987 pg 6). In this respect womens magazines provide an insight into the Womans world. The womans world which womens magazines represent is created precisely because it does not exist outside their pages (Janice Winship 1987 pg 7). Therefore the role which magazines play in this respect is of high importance to women. It acts as an escape into their own world which suggests why womens magazines have been so popular in the past and continue to be as successful today. Marjorie Ferguson argued that womens magazines collectively comprise a social institution which serves to foster and maintain a cult of femininity (Marjorie Ferguson 1983 pg 184). She puts forward a much more positive view of womens magazines and feels that the magazines purely identify their target market and then aim to provide their readers with encouragement and entertainment to do with the business of being a woman (Marjorie Ferguson 1983 pg 184). It is clear from the above that in the past when women had little rights the role of the womens magazines had a great importance to women. It enabled them to have a world of their own almost, a world which was not purely occupied with males. In todays society where women have equal rights to men (supposedly! ) the role of their magazine is not nearly as important in their lives. It does continue to provide the same features although there is a world out there not purely controlled by men, therefore the role of womens magazines is slightly less important in the day to day activities of women. One could claim it acts as light relief although the images portrayed in these magazines can lead to this portrayal of the perfect woman. In todays society, it is difficult not to examine ones body and feel a sense of discontent if it doesnt mirror the lanky images one sees in not only fashion magazines, but also all areas of advertising (Annie Doig 1998). Women are increasingly faced with images of the perfect woman. The portrayal of women in womens magazines all follow the same pattern, they have a well-groomed appearance and a slim body image. Media such as television, movies, and magazines are considered to be among the most influential promoters of the thin standard, given their popularity and accessibility to the people (Anne Marlowe1998). As womens magazines have a massive influence on womens self-concept many women quickly become dissatisfied with their body even at an early age. Ironically the ideal of feminine beauty which is being promoted is impossible for the average woman to achieve. This level of unhappiness can lead to an eating disorder in an attempt to conform with the publicised norms. Between 1970 and 1990, there was an overall increased emphasis on weight loss and body shape in the content of a popular womens magazine (Anne Marlowe 1998). This concludes that the roles of womens magazines changed from traditional and entertaining values into portraying women as consumers and directly targeting womens own anxieties to make money. Interestingly there is evidence to suggest that eating disorders, especially anorexia and bulimia, are most prominently seen in white women (Molloy 1998). One could claim a high proportion of womens magazines are aimed at white females. They are not directly discriminative but you rarely see a black cover girl with features on how to cope with African hair types for example. This example outlines the impact these magazines have upon womens self-perception. Males are also less likely to suffer with an eating disorder. This can be directly linked with the fact that male magazines are primarily concerned with leisure, pleasure and activities, in contrast as discussed womens magazines focus on beauty, dieting and domesticity. Women are under massive pressure to conform to these unrealistic pictures of beauty. That in turn results in many women in narcissistic absorption with oneself- with ones physical appearance (The image of femininity in womens magazines 1998).

Carolina :: Essays Papers

Carolina Carolina Arboleda was born in Columbia before moving to Greenwich six years ago. She moved to America along with her mother’s side of the family, while her father and his blood related family members remain in Columbia. Carolina’s first impression of Greenwich was that it is a fairly boring town, with an absence of activities and places to go. She did however praise the good school system, and hoped to make the best of her new life. Family is very important to Carolina. She has a brother who is three years old and a sister who is fourteen years old. She gets along fairly well with her siblings, and spends quality time with her sister, usually going to movies or the library. Since her sister is significantly younger, they don’t associate with the same friends or go to parties together, but maintain a close relationship that she hopes will last a lifetime. Carolina thinks that living with only her mother and siblings brings their family closer as a whole, for everybody has to help out around the house and contribute to the family’s general well being. In the absence of a job, Carolina spends her time with friends and doing schoolwork. She does not participate in any organized sports, but likes to play basketball and swim at a local park. She says that her mom has never pressured her into doing any sports or activities that she didn’t want to do, but does however support her in her schoolwork. Carolina prefers trips into New York City instead of staying in Greenwich on the weekends where she likes to hang out at video arcades, and go to dance clubs with friends. While stuck in Greenwich Carolina enjoys going to movies and occasionally hanging out at the library, reading and relaxing in the calm environment. Since she does not yet have a car Carolina relies on rides from her mother and friends to take her to school and other activities. Carolina is a senior at Greenwich High School, a place that plays a very significant role in her life, for it is where she spends most of her time, and it is her performance here, which will determine the next school that she attends. Generally, Carolina likes Greenwich High School, but thinks that it is too strict sometimes. She thinks that the closed-door policies are not needed and just causes a hassle for students in the morning.

Contribute to the Support of the Positive Environments

MU2. 8Contribute to the support of the positive environments for children and young people 3. 1Explain how to effectively care for children and young people’s skin, hair and teeth In every setting it is essential that children’s learning curriculum for personal care covers their skin, hair, teeth and overall personal hygiene. When teaching about skin, children and young people should be encouraged to wash their hands after using the toilet or before eating. We should also encourage them to wash themselves in the morning and before bed.Encouraging children to wash their faces (having individual flannels) is a good way to enforce this. We must point out to them the importance of the water temperature so they know the difference between the hot (red) and the cold (blue) types of taps, to avoid them scalding themselves, although in the setting children should not be using warm water unsupervised. Babies are a little different when skincare is involved. Their nappies must be changed regularly to prevent infection, and the skin must be moisturised well.It is important that we speak with parents about each child as some children may have allergies or skin conditions such as eczema. This may lead to them only able to use certain skin products and not being able to use soap. Personal hygiene and care are important to the child’s development when growing up. We also need to teach children about sun care and the dangers the sun can have on our skin if we stay out in it for too long or at the wrong times, without using sun cream and covering up our skin as much as possible as too much exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer.Babies under 6 months should always be kept out of the sun so it is important that we have sheltered areas for the babies. Children should wear sun hats and t shirts and ensure their faces are protected. When looking after hair, again we must discuss this with the parents as children may have allergies and require specific product s. African-Caribbean children sometimes rub oils into their hair to keep it in good condition; they may also use a special comb. Head Lice can often be an issue in my setting.If a child is infected with head lice it is important that a note is sent home with all children in the class to ensure all parents stay vigilant, so if the spread they can be treated immediately. This will help to stop them spreading. Advice might be given to parents and special combs or ointments must be used to kill them. Ensuring children know about the importance of keeping their teeth clean and healthy from an early age is equally important. We must ensure they know how and when to clean their teeth and by the time they are older, brushing their teeth twice a day should become part of their routine. . 3Explain how a positive environment and routine meet the emotional needs of children and their families When considering a child’s needs and routines in your setting, it is important that we communica te with the parents and find out a little about the home setting so we can carry it on when they come into our care, the more we talk to the parents the more we can help the child’s emotional needs and routines. If parents are working full time and the child is in our care all day, the parents may require the child to have a sleep or rest period throughout the day.This will enable the parents to have more time to spend with the child in the evening when they are at home. Depending on the parents requests really comes down to how much rest time the child will have in the setting and at what times. In some cultures the children go to bed at the same time as the parents so they may have more rest time during care hours than others. If a child is unwell, they may rest for a lot of the day. However the amount of rest or quiet time a child has during the day, and depending on the requests from parents, it is important that the child has routine.Careers soon get to know when the chi ld is tired and as the child gets older, they come to know their routine and it is important that as careers, we stick to it. Children feel settled and more secure when they know their routine and when changes are made it may disrupt them. 3. 4Describe the importance for physical and mental well-being of balancing period of physical activity with rest and quiet time It is important that we as careers balance rest and play as developing and practicing their physical skills will help them in their overall development.We should ensure that the setting is well equipped to give a wide variety of experiences in a safe environment. Equipment should be provided for both indoor and outdoor play. Soft play areas are good for to develop their ‘gross motor skills’. Some smaller settings may have to divide an area off for their physical play and rest area. Whilst other larger settings may be equipped with outdoor play areas such as climbing equipment, football pitches or an obstacle course. Getting the balance right is essential as children who are well rested will benefit more from the physical activities.

MHR week asses

Knowledge is composed of which three interrelated types? Answer Declarative, practical, and strategic Declarative, practical, and skill Compilation, automatic, and strategic Declarative, procedural, and strategic None of the above 4 points Question 2 1. Which of the following is evidence supporting the assertion that companies are investing in more training? Answer Higher net sales per employee Higher gross profits per employee Higher ratios of market to book value 80th A & 3 All of the aboveQuestion 3 1. Learning Is defined as a temporary change in cognition that results from experience and may influence behavior. A relatively permanent change In understanding and thinking that results from experience and directly influences behavior. A relatively permanent change in understanding and thinking that models a temporary change In understanding and thinking. A relatively permanent change in cognition that results from self efficacy and 1 OFF Question 4 1. In the training process model, evaluation begins at which point?Answer During the design phase. During the implementation phase. During the analysis phase. During the development phase. Question 5 1. A reason there might be conflict among HARD and ODD professionals is that the ODD practitioner Answer has a more tactical approach. Tends to be seen as overly analytical. Deals with mostly middle management. 80th A & B. 80th A & C. Question 6 1. A mechanistic design is best applied in which of the following situations? Answer Non routine technologies Small businesses High volume assembly linesWhere there are not clear answers to many of the problems that arise 4 points Question 7 1. ODD interventions could be implemented more successfully if they included training where employees Answer developed a common knowledge and skill base in the area of the intervention. Understood group dynamics and became skilled at working within groups. Understood and became skilled at using a common problem solving model. Question 8 1. T he Authors use the acronym ASK to refer to what? Keep, simple, and attitude Knowledge, skills, and attitudesKnowledge, strategy, and aptitude Know, strategy, always Question 9 are the foundations for competencies. Tests SOAK'S Strengths Motivation Skill sets Question 10 1. Which best explains the strategic training alternative of the internal provider? All or most training developed in house, each phase handled by specialists, and needs developed from a decentralized HARD function All or most training purchased from outside sources, each phase handled by specialists, and needs developed from a centralized HARD function.

buy custom Mother Tongue essay

buy custom Mother Tongue essay In the American history, there are certain regions that are referred to as the Latin American regions. These places are referred to as Latin American regions because these are areas where Latin consequential languages are orally used. These countries generally lie within the Southern part of America. The Europeans arrived in the late 15th and early 16th century, where they found some indigenous people who had advanced civilization. However, by the end of the 16th century, the region referred to as the Latin America was colonized by the Europeans and colonizers mainly from the countries of Spain and Portugal. Others were also colonized by the French and the Netherlands (Mignolo 78). Therefore, from the history of colonization, it is well known that most countries adapted to the ways and culture of their colonialists. This implies that most of the inhabitants of the Latin American region are well acquitted with the cultures of those that colonized them. As the days have passed, the world has turned into a global village. This is mainly due to the change in legislations in various regions which have made migration from one point to another very easy. Despite the benefits that have come along due to these interactions, there have also been some demerits. This is because of the language barriers that have been experienced. From Amy Tans Mother Tongue (Tan 81), it is very vivid that language plays a leading role in our lives. It first and foremost gives us identity as well as the type of people we become. This is because it has a huge influence on a peoples life style, and doctrines. Language is the means by which people communicate with, and in the American context, people often relate the ability to communicate in English with intelligence. In the case of the individuals who are from Latin American countries, when they get to the environments where they have to communicate in English, and they are unable to fluently express themselves, many may be quick to jump into the conclusion that they are not intelligent. However, this may not necessarily be the case. Looking at an argument brought out by Amy Tans Mother Tongue (Tan 78), who was brought up in a Chinese family, and her family parents had what she termed as broken or fractured English, prompting her to be the families translator. However, not forgetting the fact that most people associate the ability to speak fluently with ones level of intelligence, I believe it was a tough call for her. To concur with Tans school of thought, I believe that language brings a form of identity to a person. From Amy Tan's Mother Tongue, she says that language has the ability to bring to mind an emotion, a visual reflection, a composite idea, or a straightforward truth (Tan 76). This can simply be backed up by taking a simple situation where another individual starts pointing fingers towards the language that gives another an identity i a distasteful manner. There is always the tendency by all human beings to retaliate in a manner ready to defend ones language. Gloria AnzalooasHow to Tame a Wild Tongue, she speaks very emotionally about her language to anyone who may talk ill of her language. Therefore, if one desires to actually hurt me, talk deficiently concerning my language. Cultural distinctiveness is identical skin to linguistic distinctiveness - I am my verbal communication. Until I can acquire satisfaction in my verbal communication, I cannot take pleasure in for my part. Until I can be acknowledged as a legitimate Tex-Mex, Chicano Texas Spanish, and all the other verbal communications that I use, I cannot admit the legality of myself. In anticipation of the freedom to write bilingually, and to change codes exclusive of having to at all times to decode, whilst I still have to speak Spanish or English while I would relatively speak Spanglish, and as long as I have to put up with the English speakers instead of having them put up with me, my speech will be unlawful. I will not at all be made to feel humiliated of being in existence. I resolve to voice my opinion; Spanish, Indian or White. I will have my serpent's dialect - my sexual voice, my woman's voice, my poet's voice. I will triumph over the ritual of calm (Anzalooa 40). The same manner in which language can bind people together, it can be said to be a double-edged sword because, in that very manner in which it binds people together, it can as well separate them. Taking the example of a Latin American student who can only understand Chicano taking a class with those who understand English fluently and can speak it well, nature simply takes it place by making the other students in the same class seclude her. This seclusion is not because of anything else, but language. Therefore, they can barely identify with her, and she is considered an outsider. This scenario can be related to that of Tans mother who went through a similar scenario. Gloria Anzalooa can also relate to such a situation, when she writes of how she had started teaching high school English to Chicano students and tried to supplement the required texts with works by Chicano, only to be reprimanded by the principle to stick to the prior ones (Anzalooa 40). This decision was simply because the principle could not really relate to it. The acceptance of ones language, which identifies one, has a huge role to play in how people perceive themselves. In the case whereby one feels that their language is of a lower status, one may try to avoid being identified with it as much as possible. However, it may be impossible to completely adopt another language or identity, which one perceives to be of better or a higher status. Gloria Anzalooa How to Tame a Wild Tongue clearly identifies with this situation where she describes the situation of the Chicanos who get to the point where there is a psychological conflict of who or which identity to take. This is because they do not completely identify with the Anglo-American values, and at the same time theyy do not completely identify with the Mexican cultural values. Hence, they are left in a state where they are nowhere specific (Anzalooa 43). Language not only brings out a simple truth, the command that one has of the language being spoken demonstrates a simple truth without language. This simply implies that with an imperfect command, one is perceived to be imperfect. However, with a standard command in the language, one is perceived to be perfect with those who possess the standard command of it. Tan does an analysis of the relationship between the command in a language and acceptance of one in a dominant community in Mother Tongue. She continues to give various instances of this truth in action when she gives a chronicle of how her mother was taken care of; individuals in department stores, at restaurants and at banks did not receive her with the seriousness she deserved, did not give her excellent service, acted as if not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her when she spoke to them (Tan 78). This leaves us with the questions as to why they decided to act in the manner in which they did. Upon a c ritical analysis, the simple explanation is arrived at as the power of the command in a language one has. It allows one to fit in, and become an insider. Language can bind very many hanging pieces together. This can be explained in terms of identity which language brings to an individual. It manages to patch up the unanswered questions about ones identity. Taking the example of Gloria Anzalooas How to Tame a Wild Tongue, she talks of the Chicanos who did not know that they were a people until one of their own came and formed a union that made them get to the realization that they are a people. This was in the year 1965. After this event, they became aware of their reality and acquired the name, and a language (Chicano Spanish) (Anzalooa 44) Therefore, despite other people being multilingual, it is evident that there is still that identity that a language will give one no matter where one relocates to around the globe. A simple illustration is the fact that the kind of language one uses when probably communicating in an office will most defiantly differ from that which one will uses with his or her fellow peers. It will also differ from that which we use with the family. Whether the difference is because of the slang used, the difference in pronunciation or that of tonal variation, the differences in the languages give people the identity that they have in different places, and with different individuals. Therefore, language can be termed as many things when one looks up the various meanings of it from the various dictionaries that exist. However, language from the insight given by Mother Tongue by Amy Tan and How to Tame a Wild Tongue by Gloria Anzalooa, language is simply a tool that gives us identity as human beings. This identity is the one that will determine how one perceives oneself, and how one carries out their daily activities. Buy custom Mother Tongue essay

Exercise in Identifying Sentences by Function

Exercise in Identifying Sentences by Function In terms of their function, sentences can be classified in four ways: declarative (making a statement)interrogative (asking a question)imperative (expressing a request or command)exclamatory (expressing strong feelings) This exercise will give you practice in identifying these four functional types of sentences. Practice Identifying Sentences by Function Identify each of the following sentences as declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory. When youre done, compare your answers with those on page two. How beautiful a street is in winter! (Virginia Woolf)Have the skillet hot and keep it well greased. (Ernest Hemingway)We boarded our train with feelings of unbounded relief. (James Weldon Johnson)Each cell measured about ten feet by ten and was quite bare within except for a plank bed and a pot of drinking water. (George Orwell)Where were the blackbirds? (Richard Jefferies)Always obey your parents, when they are present. (Mark Twain)The house was so big that there was always a room to hide in, and I had a red pony and a garden where I could wander. (W.B. Yeats)Even now, the sight of an old, six-inch, worm-eaten cork brings fragrant memories! (Samuel H. Scudder)Why does a funeral always sharpen ones sense of humor and rouse ones spirits? (George Bernard Shaw)And whom should we see in the evening, but our two little boys, walking on each side of a fierce, yellow-faced, bearded man! (William Makepeace Thackeray)How can any deny themselves the pleasure of my company? (Zora Neale Hurston) He was exceedingly poor, wearing only a ragged shirt and trousers. (James Huneker)Quietly go in, sit down, look at your man until you have seen him enough, and then go. (H.G. Wells)I looked tired, but my complexion was good. (Emma Goldman)Not a man in London made a better boot! (John Galsworthy) Answers to the Exercise exclamatory sentenceimperative sentencedeclarative sentencedeclarative sentenceinterrogative sentenceimperative sentencedeclarative sentenceexclamatory sentenceinterrogative sentenceexclamatory sentenceinterrogative sentencedeclarative sentenceimperative sentencedeclarative sentenceexclamatory sentence

Define Learning From the Perspective of Consumer Behaviour Theory Essay

Define Learning From the Perspective of Consumer Behaviour Theory - Essay Example The proponents of this theory do not focus on the learning process but on the response of individuals to external stimuli.) this theory is also referred to as the stimulus response or vicarious theory. The classical and operant conditioning approaches try to explain this theory. According to classical conditioning, the stimulus is responsible for the response observed while for instrumental conditioning, the converse is true. When the classical conditioning is applied to consumer theory, the product brand triggers a response from the consumers that is desirable and enforces the desire to buy. This theory tries to achieve a particular response from unrelated stimuli, thus forming the basis of branding. The operant conditioning asserts that individuals will always act with reward in mind and avoid stimuli that result in punishment. This means that every behavior with pleasant results has a very high change to be repeated. Cognitive theory This theory explains learning based on the info rmation gathered and mentally processed in response to an actual problem. Even though there is no universally agreed theory on learning, the process is clear: learning happens, either intentionally or accidentally. For intentional acquisition of knowledge, the individual must have clearly sought the information through objective research. However, accidental learning just happens to find the individual. This is where advertising is most efficient in achieving (Evans, Jamal, & Foxall, 2006). The marketer is always interested in how the buyers learn as this information gives them an advantage in how they handle them. They always want to influence customer behaviour and this stems from the ability to teach the buyer their responsibility as consumers, the product of choice and its attributes. This is made effective through marketing and advertising (Lantos, 2010). The product of National museums of Australia is information. Its role is clearly defined and serves to inform the public on the Australian heritage and culture (National Museum of Australia, 2003-2010a). The first marketing communication strategy employed is that of accelerated information. The brand utilises its website as its online tool for advertising its activities and products. Its main product is information where it sells the Australian history and lifestyle. This is conducted through seminars, exhibitions and publications. The use of images of traditional Australians is an application of behavioural theory learning where the images invoke a conditioning of ‘our heritage’. Art galleries and buildings of national relevance derive the same effect. The individual is drawn to the article by the image and can open the article to acquire the information on the artifact or the classic architectures. The brand has journals, periodicals and e-news releases to ensure their position is maintained to be the first to point the consumer to the right direction. The brand shapes the perception of th e consumer on what forms part of the Australian culture and where they should visit (National Museum of Australia, 2003-2010a). Market target and segmentation is the other tool observed on the website. The aspect on segmentation is shown in this site that segments article to suite different markets. The brand is enhanced by

Analysis of Young Goodman Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Young Goodman Brown - Essay Example Hawthorne skillfully uses irony, the depiction of madness, and symbolism, to heighten the effect of his story. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† is replete with irony. This irony is most obvious in Hawthorne’s characterizations of the people in his story. The author peoples his narrative with Puritans, whose outward words and behavior contradict their inner motives and covert actions. Young Goodman Brown himself is the foremost example of this. The protagonist deliberately sets out on his rendezvous with the Devil. He is eager to savor the evil pleasures that await him, and makes â€Å"haste on his present evil purpose† (Hawthorne, 8). He makes several empty protestations to the Devil, and declares his intentions to terminate his evil quest. However, he does not turn back: it is only talk: â€Å"â€Å"Too far! Too far!† exclaimed the goodman, unconsciously resuming his walk† (Hawthorne, 17). He remains â€Å"conscious of the guilty purpose that had broug ht him thither† (Hawthorne, 41), but continues to travel the path to perdition. Goody Cloyse, wears the guise of the â€Å"pious and exemplary dame, who had taught him his catechism in youth,† (Hawthorne, 26) but is a witch, complete with broomstick and evil incantations. Hawthorne’s irony makes him suggest, tongue-in-cheek, that her muttering is â€Å"a prayer, doubtless† (29). The supposedly holy minster, and â€Å"Good old Deacon Gookin† (Hawthorne, 61), are equally given to vice beneath the facade of saintliness. Hawthorne paints all Puritan society with its â€Å"grave, reputable, and pious people, these elders of the church, these chaste dames and dewy virgins† (57) in vivid colors of sin and dissolution. Even the hymn sung at the satanic gathering is cloaked in â€Å"the slow and mournful strain, such as the pious love, but joined to words which expressed all that our nature can conceive of sin, and darkly hinted at far more† (H awthorne, 59). This pervading irony makes the reader acutely conscious of the incongruity between the author’s depiction of his characters, and the impression they create as the narrative progresses. This irony is further strengthened by the calm ending of the story in the town, with the characters again displaying their saintly demeanors. Hawthorne’s use of irony is very effective in highlighting the hypocrisy of Puritan life. Hawthorne paints the character of young Goodman Brown with a bold touch of madness. The protagonist’s ring of defenses against the temptations of the Devil tumble down in quick succession: his forbears, â€Å"a race of honest men and good Christians since the days of the martyrs† (Hawthorne, 17) are close acquaintances of the devil; the dignitaries of New England, who Goodman Brown thinks are â€Å"a people of prayer, and good works to boot, and abide no such wickedness† Hawthorne, 19) are revealed to be sinners; the pious t rio of Goody Cloyse, the minster and Deacon Gookin are exposed in their true colors of wickedness. Finally, when his belief in his wife, Faith, is demolished, Goodman Brown’s moral foundations crumble, and he abandons himself to despair and madness. The author uses vivid imagery to describe this development. The paragraph depicting young Goodman Brow

Power and Politics in Organizational Development Essay

Power and Politics in Organizational Development - Essay Example The concepts of power and politics are two areas of organizations that can be very difficult to define and understand. However, in order to be successful in organizational life and development these areas must be explored. In the past Organizational Development has been criticized for not taking these factors (French & Bell, 1999, pg. 282). French & Bell (1999) explain that the understanding of Power and Politics is still in very early stages in OD. However with recent research we still continue to derive theories and applications for the OD field. Organization development is influenced by and depends upon politics and power, culture and effective performance of the management team. Organization development is complex process which relies on high moral values that transcend both the organization and the individual. The shared values that underlie a high-performing organization's strategy and bring meaning to the individual employee's work are reflected in both the decision-making and the goal-setting processes. Power is the potential to influence behavior, "to change the course of events, to overcome resistance, and to get people to do things that they would not otherwise do (Pfeffer, 1994, pg. 30). In short, it is a way to get things done; not the only way, but at least a major way, and one that is often used in organizational life. ... 283). Managers use power to accomplish goals all the time. The use of power is sometimes called "organizational politics" as managers use power and influence to produce results. Because of its association with politics, power is many times looked upon with disdain, as a dirty word. At the same time, we admire managers for what they achieve, and while we may not like it, we acknowledge that the ability to willingly wield power is often a prerequisite to managerial success. Following David McClelland, "positive faced of power is characterized by a socialized need to initiate influence and lead" (French and Bell 1999, pg. 282). Power is used frequently when the necessity to accomplish goals requires us to rely on those on whom we depend. It is especially important when they have a different point of view and cannot otherwise be relied on to do what we want them to do (Pfeffer, 1994, pg. 39). The greater the degree of difference in point of view, the greater the resistance and conflict and the more important it is to use power, influence, and organizational politics as a way to get things done. If everyone has the same goal and is in agreement about how to achieve it, there is no need to use power. Studies have shown that the more agreement there was on the goal and the means to attain it, the less political activity occurred (Pfeffer, 1994, pg. 39). There is no need to engage in politics or exercise power when there are no differences in perspective or w hen no conflict exits. The time and energy can, in these situations, be more productively employed toward goal accomplishment. To the extent that organizations can agree on goals and on the means to attain them, organizational politics can be reduced. In the absence of this

Optimization of Solvent Extractions

Optimization of Solvent Extractions CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1  Introduction In this study, the leaves of A. Malanccensis, formulated gaharu tea bags from Gaharu Tea Valley, Gopeng and Kebun Rimau, Tawau were extracted by using solvent extraction method. The optimization of solvent extractions were determined in this study as well. Chemical composition of the crude extracts were analyzed by using GC-MS and HPLC. Besides, the obtained crude extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant property. 3.2  Chemicals and Apparatus Throughout this study, several of chemical and apparatus were used as listed in table 3.1 and table 3.2. Table 3.1 Chemical and reagent used Chemical and reagents Brand Manufacturer 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Sigma USA 2,4,6-tripyridyl-striazine Sigma USA Sodium acetate Acetic acid MB Germany Aluminum chloride hexahydrate Ascorbic acid Systerm Malaysia Ethanol Systerm Malaysia Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent Sigma USA Gallic acid Hydrochloric acid Iron (II) sulphate Sigma USA Iron (III) Chloride Systerm Malaysia Methanol Merck Germany Potassium bromide Quercetin Sodium carbonate Sodium carbonate anhydrous Sodium hydroxide Merck Germany Sodium nitrate Helium gas Novaland Malaysia Nitrogen gas Novaland Malaysia Table 3.2 Apparatus used Apparatus Brand Manufacturer Aluminium foil Diamond brand Malaysia Analytical balance Mettler-Toledo Switerland Beaker 100 mL Schoot Duran Germany Beaker 250 mL Schoot Duran Germany Beaker 500 mL Iwaki Japan Conical flask 250 mL Isolab Germany Filter funnel Frontier Transform Infra-red spectrometer Perkin Elmer Germany Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometer Perkin-Elmer Germany Measuring cylinder Iwaki Japan Micropipette Eppendrof England Oven Memmet USA Parafilm â€Å"M† Pechiney USA Rotatory evaporator Buchi Labortechinc Switzerland Round bottle flask 250 mL Favorit Malaysia Test tube 15 mL UV-Vis spectrometer Perkin Elmer Germany Volumetric flask Exelo Malaysia Water bath Cifton NE 5-289 England Whatman No. 1 Filter paper Buchi Reiii Switzerland Grinder Kika Germany 3.3 Extraction of the Gaharu Leaves and Formulated Gaharu Tea 3.3.1 Raw Material The samples of gaharu leaves and formulated gaharu tea bag were used in this research were obtained from the Kebun Rimau Sdn Bhd, Tawau and Gaharu Tea Valley, Gopeng. Gaharu leaves were dried in the shade for 7 days at roomtemperature (28  ±2 °C). After drying, leaves were cut into small pieces. The pieces of dried gaharu leaves and the formulated gaharu tea bag are used for the aqueous extraction and ethanolic extraction. 3.3.2Aqueous Extraction of Gaharu Leaves and Formulated Gaharu Tea 50g of dried leaves powder and contents of formulated gaharu tea bag were weighed and put into 500mL beaker, respectively. 250 mL of distilled water was added into both beaker and boil for 30 minutes. Beakers were wrapped with aluminium foil (Diamond brand) to prevent spilling of mixture and light exposure.The pooled extracts were filtered by using Whatman No. 1 filterpaper (Buchi Reiii) with 0.45 µm membrane. The remains were re-extracted under same condition and filtered. The obtained crude extracts were concentrated at 50 °C using a rotary evaporator under low pressure. The concentrated crude extracts from gaharu leaves and formulated gaharu tea bag were collected in air-tight containers and covered by the aluminum foil to prevent the active components in the extracts from decomposing by light. They were stored in refrigerator at 4  °C to prevent fungal attacking. All the extractions were carried out in replicates. 3.3.3 Ethanolic Extraction of the Gaharu Leaves and FormulatedGaharu Tea 10g of dried leaves powder and 6g of the formulated gaharu tea bag were weighed and put into 100 mL beaker, respectively. 50mL ethanol was poured into both beaker. Beakers were sealed with parafilm (Pechiney) and wrapped with aluminum foil (Diamond brand) to prevent spilling of mixture and light exposure, respectively. The pooled extracts were filtered by using Whatman No. 1 filter paper (Whatman International, England). The remains were re-extracted under same condition and filtered. The obtained crude extracts were concentrated at 40 °C using a rotary evaporator under low pressure. The concentrated crude extracts from gaharu leaves and formulated gaharu tea bag were collected in air-tight containers and covered by the aluminum foil to prevent the light decomposition of bioactive components in the crude extracts. They were stored in refrigerator at 4  °C to avoid fungal attacking. All the extractions were carried out in replicates. 3.4 Optimization of the Gaharu Leaves and Formulated Gaharu Tea Extraction 3.4.1Ethanol Concentration With the constants 180 minutes and temperature 25OC, samples were extracted with six different concentrations of ethanol starting from 0% to 100% (v/v). The extraction procedures were described in section 3.2.3. The best ethanol concentration which related to the values of total phenolic contain (TPC) (mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/g dry weight, DW) and total flavonoid contain (TFC) (mg quercetin equivalent, QE/g DW) were selected. 3.4.2Extraction time The samples were extracted with the optimal ethanol concentration which was determined in the section 3.3.1 for 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 minutes by fixing the extraction temperature constant at 25oC. The best extraction time which related to the values of total phenolic contain (TPC) (mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/g dry weight, DW) and total flavonoid contain (TFC) (mg quercetin equivalent, QE/g DW) eres selected. 3.4.3Temperature The samples were extracted at different temperatures, which were 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65oC with the optimal temperature and extraction time as determined in section 3.3.1 and section 3.3.2. The best extraction temperature which related to the values of total phenolic contain (TPC) (mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/g dry weight, DW) and total flavonoid contain (TFC) (mg quercetin equivalent, QE/g DW) weres selected. 3.5Chemical Characterization of Gaharu Leaves and Formulated Gaharu Tea 3.5.1Characterization using FT-IR 3.5.1.1 Sample Preparation The method of FT-IR analysis by Khalil et al. (2013) was used with minor modifications (Khalil et al., 2013). The formation of transparent pellet (Thin disc) was done by mixing 2mg of crude extract powder with 40mg of potassium bromide (1:20), a mold was used to compress the mixture under a pressure of 7 tons. The analysis was carried out with the wavelength starting from 4000 to 400 cm-1. About 3 minutes were taken by the spectrum recording. FT-IR software Spectrum version 6.35 (Perkin Elmer) was used to perform the acquisition of the spectra and peak assignment. 3.5.2Characterization Using Gas Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) 3.5.2.1 Sample Preparation The method of GC-MS analysis by Khalil et al. (2013) and Soetardjo et al., (2007) were used with the modification of experimental conditions. The crude extract powder was dissolved in 60% (v/v) methanol solution and filtered by using membrane filter with 0.45  µm pore size. The 0.5  µL of samples were injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with Perkin Elmer Clarus 500 mass spectrometer and Elite-5MS column [30m (length) x 0.25 mm (diameter), film thickness 0.25  µm]. The column temperature was programmed to 50oC for 6 min, with 5oC increase per min to 250oC. The temperature of detector and injector were both maintained at 250 oC. Hellium was used as the carrier gas with a linear velocity of 1 ml/min and the splitting ratio was 10:1. The mass spectrometer was operated in the electron impact ionization (EI) mode at 70 eV. The constituents of gaharu crude extract powder were identified by comparing their mass spectra with those of NIST02 library data of the GC-MS system. The c ondition of GC-MS are summarized in Table 3.4. Table 3.4 Condition used for GC-MS analysis. Parameters Conditions Gas chromatography Perkin Elmer Clarus 500 gas chromatography Mass selective detector Perkin Elmer Clarus 500 mass spectrometer Capillary columns Elite-5MS (30 m (length) x 0.25 mm (diameter) ; film thickness 0.25  µm) Injection volume 0.5  µL Carrier gas Helium Initial oven temperature 50 oC Final oven temperature 260-300 oC Inlet temperature 250 oC Injection Split Injector pressure 8.00-9.43 psi Injector temperature 80 oC Flow rate 1 mL min -1 Electron energy 70 eV Source temperature 180 oC Solvent delay 2 minutes Data library NIST 02 3.5.2.2 Kovats Retention Index Kovats retention index is an idea used in the gas chromatography to convert retention times into system-independent constant. The collected data of GC-MS were processed by using the Kovats retention index (Equation 3.1). The calculated Kovats index was compared with the retention time of n-alkane which were given by the GC-MS manufacture company (Perkin Elmer) based on the same type of column with higher ramp temperature (10oC instead of 5 oC, Appendix A). (Equation 3.1) Where, I = Kovats retention index, n = the number of carbon atoms in the smaller n-alkane, N = the number of carbon atoms in the larger n-alkane, tr = the retention time. 3.6Determination of Total Phenolic Compounds and Total Flavonoid Compounds in Crude Extracts 3.6.1Evaluation of Total Phenolic Compounds in Gaharu Leaves and Formulated Tea Crude Extracts Total phenolic content (TPC) of concentrated rude extract of three samples with the different extraction condition were determined by using the Folin-Ciocalten (F-C) assay according to the method described by Tay et al. with a modification (Tay et al., 2014). Concentrated crude extractwas diluted 30 times before use. 15 mL test tube was wrapped with aluminum foil and 1 mL of diluted sample was placed into it. Then, 5 mL of Folin-Ciocalten reagent was added into the test tube. After 5 minutes, 4 mL of 7.5% (w/v) sodium carbonate was added. The test tube was shaken to mix the diluted sample and reagents for 5 seconds. Thus, the test tube was allowed to stand in the dark room at room temperature for 30 minutes. The blank solution was prepared by replacing 1 mL of samples with 1 mL of deionized water. Absorbance was measured against the blank at 765 nm by using UV-Vis spectrometer (Perkin Elmer).Besides, 1 mM gallic acid stock solution was prepared. 17.012 mg of gallic acid was weighed a d transferred into 100 mL conical flask. Thus, deionized water was added in until the volume of 100 mL was achieved. The 1 mM gallic acid stock solution was further diluted into 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mM gallic acid standard solutions. Total phenolic content was determined and calculated based on gallic acid calibration curve and expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAEs) in milligram per g dry weight (mg GAE/ g DW). The TPC test was repeated with the concentrated crude extract with different solvent extraction conditions. 3.6.2Evaluation of Total Flavonoid Compounds in Gaharu Leaves and Formulated Tea Crude Extracts The total flavonoid content (TFC) of the concentrated crude extract of three samples with different extraction conditions were determined according to the procedures described by Thoo et al. with slight modifications (Thoo et al., 2010). Concentrated crude extract was diluted for 15 times. Thus, 1 mL of diluted crude extract was mixed with 5 mL of deionized water and 0.3 mL 5% sodium nitrite in a 15 mL aluminum foil-wrapped test tube. After 12 minutes, 0.6 mL 10% aluminum chloride hexahydrate was added into the test tube. In the next 10 minutes, 2 mL of 1M sodium hydroxide solution and 1.1 mL were added to the mixture. Thus, test tube was shaken to mix the diluted sample with the reagents for 10 seconds. A blank was prepared by replacing diluted crude extract with 1 mL of deionized water. The absorbance was measured immediately at 510 nm by using UV-Vis light spectrometer (Perkin Elmer). Besides, the 1 mM quercetin stock solution was prepared as well. 30.22 mg of quercetin was accura tely weighed and transferred into 100 mL conical flask. Thus, the deionized water was added into the conical flask until the volume of 100 mL was reached. The 1 mM quercetin stock solution was further diluted to 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mM quercetin standard solutions. The total flavonoid content of diluted crude extract was determined and calculated based on quercetin calibration curve and expressed as quecertin equivalents (QEs) in milligram per g dry weight (mg QE/ g DW).). The TFC test was repeated with the concentrated crude extract with different solvent extraction conditions. 3.7  Determination of Antioxidant Activity 3.7.12,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Free RadicalScavenging Assay The antioxidant capacity of crude extracts were measured by the DPPH assay based on the method which were carried out by Asadujjamanet al. and Tay et al. with slight modification (Asadujjamanet al., 2013; Tay et al., 2014). The 0.1 mL concentrated crude extract was added with 3.9 mL 0.004% ethanolic DPPH solution in an aluminium-wrapped test tube. A parafilm was immediately used to cover the opening of test tube. Thus, the test tube was allowed to stand in dark room at room temperature for 30 minutes. The absorbance of DPPH solution was determined against a deionized water blank a 517 nm by using the UV-Vis spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 25). 0.1 mL of the crude extract was replaced by extract solvent in the preparing of negative control. Absorbance measurements of the crude extracts and negative control was carried out in triplicate. The result was expressed as a percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity.The following formula (Equation 3.2) was used to calculate the DPPH rad ical scavenging activity of crude extract. 1 − Ãâ€" 100%= DPPH radical scavenging activityEquation 3.2 Where, As= absorbance of crude extract Ac = Absorbance of control 3.7.2Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay The FRAP assay was carried out according to procedures described by Kamonwannasitet al. with slight modification (Kamonwannasitet al., 2013).The FRAP reagent was made of 0.01 M TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-striazine) in 0.04 M HCl, 0.02 M FeCl3, and 0.03M acetate buffer (pH 3.6) in a ratio of 1:1:10(v/v/v). 0.03M acetate buffer (pH3.6) was prepared by mixing 46.3 mL of 0.2M acetic acid and 3.7 mL 0.2 M sodium acetate 0.5 mL together. Thus, the deionized water was added into mixture to make up the volume to 100mL. Then, 0.5g of the sample was added to 15 ml of FRAP reagent which was prepared in situ and warmed until 37 °C before it was being used. The absorbance was measured at 593 nm by using an UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer) after the solution was incubated for 5 minutes. Besides, 1 mM FeSO4stock solution was prepared as well. 0.278g of FeSO4 were dissolved into 1 L of deionized water. Thus, 1 mM FeSO4stock solution was diluted into 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mM FeSO4 standard sol ution. A standard calibration curve was constructed by using different concentration of FeSO4 solution. The results were expressed as ÃŽ ¼mol Fe2+/mg dry weight of plant material. All measurements were carried out in triplicate and the mean values were calculated. 3.8  Statistical analysis The experimental results in this study were calculated and analyzed by using the IBM software (SPSS Statistics version 21). All values were expressed as the mean  ± standard deviation (SD) of triplicate measurements of replicate extraction. Simple correlation was used to determine the relationship between total amount of flavonoids in the crude extracts and their antioxidant capacities.

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by M

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve to maintain African American people controlled by institutions. In this book her analyses is centered in examining the mass incarceration phenomenon in recent years. Comparing Jim Crow with mass incarceration she points out that mass incarceration is a network of laws, policies, customs and institutions that works together –almost invisible– to ensure the subordinate status of a group defined by race, African American (p. 178 -190). Alexander (2010) describes the New Jim Crow as a moment where society have already internalized the stereotypes of African American men as violent and more likely to commit crimes and where mass incarceration has been normalized – especially in poor areas– . That is, today is seen as normal that black parents are missing in their homes because they are in institutions of control (p.181). She also stresses American society denies racism when they assume the justice system works. Therefore, she claims that â€Å"mass incarceration is colorblind† (p.183). American society does not see the race biased within the institutions of control. Alexander (2010) suggests mass incarceration as a system of racialized social control that functions in the same way Jim Crow did. She describes how people that have been incarcer... ...ople (p.195). 7) Symbolic production of race. Perhaps this is the most important category of her analyses. She stresses that mass incarceration as Jim Crow and slavery define and reinforce what being a black person means. During slavery being black meant to be a slave. During Jim Crow meant to be a second class citizen. And mass incarceration defines black people, especially men, as criminals. We can conclude with her analyses that the criminal justice in America is biased an even though I don’t agree with the suggestion Alexander has heard from other people that mass incarceration is a â€Å"conspiracy to put blacks back in their place† (p.5). It is clear that the justice system in the US is not completely fair, and that collective action must arise to struggle it. Works Cited Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow. New York, NY: The New Press. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by M The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses race-related issues specific to African-American males and mass incarceration in the United States. Michelle Alexander (2010) argues that despite the old Jim Crow is death, does not necessarily means the end of racial caste (p.21). In her book â€Å"The New Jim Crow†, Alexander describes a set of practices and social discourses that serve to maintain African American people controlled by institutions. In this book her analyses is centered in examining the mass incarceration phenomenon in recent years. Comparing Jim Crow with mass incarceration she points out that mass incarceration is a network of laws, policies, customs and institutions that works together –almost invisible– to ensure the subordinate status of a group defined by race, African American (p. 178 -190). Alexander (2010) describes the New Jim Crow as a moment where society have already internalized the stereotypes of African American men as violent and more likely to commit crimes and where mass incarceration has been normalized – especially in poor areas– . That is, today is seen as normal that black parents are missing in their homes because they are in institutions of control (p.181). She also stresses American society denies racism when they assume the justice system works. Therefore, she claims that â€Å"mass incarceration is colorblind† (p.183). American society does not see the race biased within the institutions of control. Alexander (2010) suggests mass incarceration as a system of racialized social control that functions in the same way Jim Crow did. She describes how people that have been incarcer... ...ople (p.195). 7) Symbolic production of race. Perhaps this is the most important category of her analyses. She stresses that mass incarceration as Jim Crow and slavery define and reinforce what being a black person means. During slavery being black meant to be a slave. During Jim Crow meant to be a second class citizen. And mass incarceration defines black people, especially men, as criminals. We can conclude with her analyses that the criminal justice in America is biased an even though I don’t agree with the suggestion Alexander has heard from other people that mass incarceration is a â€Å"conspiracy to put blacks back in their place† (p.5). It is clear that the justice system in the US is not completely fair, and that collective action must arise to struggle it. Works Cited Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow. New York, NY: The New Press.